Assessing the decline of the pub industry

Assessing the decline of the public house exertionThe Leisure exertion is one of the major fortune of UK thriftiness and has many branches. The key components of UK empty fabrication includes pubs, bars, restaurants, cinemas, sport and physical recreation, arts and entertainment, countryside recreation, home reportd empty and actionivity based leisure. Pub industry plays a vital berth in community cohesion and social life in Britain and attracts millions of tourists all(prenominal) year. Pubs are frequently remaining few institutionalises where communities come together to socialize. Mintel motif states that in 2008 the pub sector experienced some of the toughest trading conditions because of the reasons equivalent smoking proscription, licensing laws, confidence crunch, ever-changing dine habits and rubbishy supermarket booze. Despite liner the tough conditions it is still on top of the UK leisure industry safekeeping maximum share. The following calculate will show changing trends in UK Pub industry a gigantic with analyses articles written on Pub industry and showing entropy taken from Mintel UK leisure industry review report and then exploring the Pub industry information to possible events to be include within the portfolio.Smoking BanSince the smoking discharge was introduced there has been a marked decline in number of pubs in UK. There was an lookout that smoking ban would reverse to a greater extent than appealing to a wider consumer base such as women and families. The ban has shown the come up in the food business, all the same the breathing out of frustrates smokers has not been matched by the influx of brisk pub goers. in the midst of 2004 and 2007 all of the four United Kingdom legislatures voted to introduce a ban on smoking in most enclosed public places and workplaces. The bans came after considerable debate centered around the risks of exposure to environmental baccy smoke and especially on the likely impact of a ban on the hospitality industry and particularly Britains pubs. (Paraphrase It and give PUB tour Mintel referencing -According to an Office for National Statistics report (2008/09) on visiting pubs since smoking restrictions were introduced, by smoking status one in four smokers went to the pub more often before the smoking ban, compared to one in five non-smokers who go more often nowadays. Mintel Pub Visiting draw (2010) shows that while a third of consumers (32%) agree drinking outside the home is more pleasurable since the smoking ban, there are rumpleed reports as to whether the smoke-free laws wee-wee achieved the health benefits expected. A report by NHS Information in folk 2009 stated that men over the age of 35 smoke less cigarettes than before the ban, but younger men have started smoking more since it was introduced. Positive findings from the report were that a third of smokers now pillow at home to smoke instead of going out, resulting in adults being open(a) to less second-hand smoke than before the ban.Credit Crunch, Changing Dining Habits, high Taxes and Cheap intoxi scum bagt selling by supermarketsW dashe (2009) states that the UK Pub industry is facing perfect storm and finding it hard to compete with cheap alcohol sold at supermarkets, a trend increasing amid the credit crunch. Mintel Report shows that pub sales declined after the adjoin in taxes with their new licensing laws done by government and recession which led in step-up of alcohol sold at supermarkets resulting in people changing dining habits. In 2007 Pub industry earned 26000 million pounds however in 2009 UK Pub industry earning has been gone down to 24000 million pounds resulting in loss of 2000 million pounds. According to Pratten (2003) the reason for falling trade is the major changes in pattern of leisure. Home entertainment became increasingly popular with an annex in rented videos and television. When combining the greater varieties of take away food and t he lower expenses of alcohol at the off licenses and supermarkets, a night at home become more attractive to people and the use of licensed retail set forth fell. Moreover people are more willing to cede for orthogonal holidays. As shown in Figure 2.2, the value of market was showing an increase until 2007 however it dropped by 3.08 portion in 2008 and 4.76 percent in 2009.Muir (2009) states that the changing consumer taste in alcoholic beverages in one of the factor of long term decline. Beer is the mainstay of pub incomes and yet beer consumption has fallen significantly in the last thirty years as show in Figure 2. 3.The Pub Industry is also facing tough rivalry from alternative leisure pursuits. The relative affluence of the last decade power saw a significant rise in the number of people have out in restaurants and there was a threefold increase in the rate of new restaurant openings in the midst of 1992 and 2007. (BBC News Online 2007). According to Mintel Report (20 09) there has been a sharp increase in number of know sports event attendees from 2004 to 2009. In Addition, there has also been a significant rise in cinema attendees in recent years, which reached a 38 year high in the summer of 2007(The Independent 2007).According to the figures published in BBPA Statistical handbook 2010, there was a sharp, 6% decline in come up alcohol consumption in 2009, making it the fourth yearly decline in five years. UK drinkers are now consuming 13% less alcohol than in 2004. UK consumption remains below the comely for the EU The UK Pub licensees are also facing rising be. increase materials and utilities prices have been passed on by the brewers in the higher wholesale price of beer. A shortage of malting barley and rising demand for bio-fuels has seen barley prices increase faster than inflation. Packaging cost have also been driven up by rising energy prices (BBPA 2008b). Licensees have seen their own operating costs increase. For example licensee s have had to spend increasing amounts on entertainment to stay competitive. A recent survey by the ALMR found that their members third largest cost was entertainment. The 2003 Licensing Act abolished the two in a bar rule which had meant that no licence was required for putting on two live performers. In addition many pubs rely on live football to spiel people through the door and Sky television fees have go along to increase. These are calculated on the rateable value of the pub and this can be disproportionately expensive for small pubs in higher rated artless areas.(APPBG 2008).Why Pubs matterThe UK Pubs act as hubs for the development of social entanglement between local people. As per data shown in figure 3.1 by CAMRA Omnibus survey (January 2009) 36 percent of the people said that pubs were measurable for get together compared with local cafes and restaurants showing 20 percent and 15 percent for local shops.According to APPBG (2008) the pub industry amounts to 2 percent of national GDP and community pubs provide 350,000 full or part time jobs. Mintel (2010) latest report on Pub visiting shows that 34 pubs were closed per hebdomad which were drink led and 5 pubs were closed which were food-led between July to December 2009. According to CGA, the pub closure rate has slowed to 29 per week for the first six months of 2010. At it worse, the pub closure rate was 52 pubs per week.( Morning Advertiser 2010). In addition, government has unveiled measures to protect British pubs which include 3.3 million pounds to be spent on business substantiate to make pubs more successful and to help communities buy into struggling exposit to keep them open. Pubs will be allowed to extend into ventures including restaurants, gift shops and book shops without cookery permission. (BBC News)In addition to this benefit, pubs add a great deal to UK economy and hold a highest share in UK leisure industry. As per data shown in graph below, Pub industry holds 35 % share of total leisure industry by earning 24000 million pounds in 2009According to intelligence activity published in Guardian the government would be consulting on the accession of banning low cost alcohol sales. Report suggested that supermarkets will be banned from selling vino, beer and spirits below a national stripped price.ConclusionThe UK Pub industry is more than retail business which act as a local institution for encouraging people to mix with others from different background. In recent years the pub industry has been hit hard with thousands of pubs closed due to recession, smoking ban, high rents. But in any downturn there are opportunities which are investing in an independent or managed Pub located in central place offering good variety of food and drinks along with warm and neighborly environment. While the pubs remain biased towards men, pub needs to sell wine and ciders to attract women market. In addition, the steps taken by government to save pubs are a good option t o invest in pub industry.

Relationship between development and freedom

Relationship between out harvest-tide and libertySen, A (2001). increment as Freedom. Oxford. Oxford University Press. Chapter 1.The cause conceptualizes suppuration as the gap between an exclusive slow-wittedness on scotch wealthiness and a broader focus on the lives we rotter lead (p.14) emphasizing that the theory of development goes well beyond wealth accumulation and gross e press outal product suppuration. The chapter examines the blood between development and emancipation, the way in which unacquainted(p)dom is a comp mavinnt of development and an long view of freedom encompassing both opportunities that people have and processes that let for freedom of decisions.The main arguments of the author is that development should be assessed by freedom of accessibility to factors such as social opportunities, health cargon, clean water, scotch security, civil rights and political freedom. Lack of accessibility means unfreedom. instruction thereof should mean that pe ople mint live the lives they want to live and precisely, how can a nation say in all entirety that it has freedom when its citizens can non afford the very base necessities of life or fulfill the rights they are entitled to?Sen goes on further to compare antithetical views of destitution in both growth and developed nation by analyzing freedoms done values, poverty and inequality, income and mortality, m cheats and freedom, tradition and culture. The author sees the process of development beyond sparing growth or physical and human capital and concludes by linking the understanding of a broad view of the development process to the substantive freedoms of people.Sens frame up contains intriguing views but he hasnt mentioned what justifies his classification into these freedoms i.e. experience of develop countries, factual historical secern or how far freedom has progressed inside each context he identified. His definition is quite different from Rapleys in which Rapley d escribes development as more concerned with flexibility and adaptability (Rapley 2007 pp 5) and so raises a question. Can development be measured only by case-by-case happiness without frugal growth and stability? Happiness, in my opinion is accommodate more towards Rapleys definition and should be adapted into the process of economic growth.Willis, K. (2005) Theories and Practices of Development. London. Routledge. p. 32-42.Willis chapter 2 of theories and practices of development analyses development theories and practices and how these theories were attached to the economic, social and political theories that developed in Europe from the 18th century. Williss interpretation raises some interesting facts closely historical development of theories and she divides her study into various theories.The classical economists such as David Ricardo, an direction of free work and Adam Smith, in his famous book, Wealth of Nations responded to the trade focus of economic insurance at th at time (p.32) when trade was a major factor of economic growth. Here, protectionist measures such as high tariffs were super utilise by merchants. Willis goes on to say Adam Smith was non in favour of this form of regulation and that it was calumnious to the countrys economic growth. Instead, greater focus on production and division of labour which will be regulated by the invisible hand of the commercialise (p.33).The Great economic crisis of the 1930s and other economic happenings gave rise to Keynes argument of the free market not necessarily a positive force but regime intervention in the promotion of economic growth while postwar reconstruction period was a time to reflect on the economic crises that occurred at that time and provide solutions to their re-occurrence. This led to the creation of the Bretton woods institutions to wait on in the promotion of stable economic growth within a capitalist system (p. 36)Willis describes the linear stages theory and makes emphas is on Rostow, the American economist and political theorists stages of Economic growth to development. Here, development was seen as a state where a large number of the population could afford to run largely on consumer products and development was viewed as modern, moving from agricultural societies to an industrial economy. While she tries to decipher early theoretical ideas, Willis has not made acquit linkages between some of these theories and how they have come to evolve in economic debates and discussions over time.Chang, H., and Ilene G. (2004) Reclaiming Development from the majuscule Consensus, daybook of Post Keynesian Economics, 27(2), 274-291.The heavy of this article is to correct the notion that there is no alternative to the Washington Consensus. The authors argue that neoliberal policies have failed to achieve their goals in developing knowledge base (p. 274) and so discuss the major development myths for justifying neoliberal policies that have been harmful to developing creative activity and perhaps as a complacency to the reader, realistic alternatives to these policies.These myths, evaluated individually, describe how these policies have lacked credibility. romance 1 In contrast to the neoliberal indemnity success, the reality is that the policy has not promoted its main aim of economic growth. Myth 2 Developed countries gained success through free market policies whereas records claim they relied upon interventionist policies for development. Myth 3 Only neoliberal policies can win in todays global environment whereas in fact there is evidence of continuing institutional and policy divergence across national boundaries (p. 277) Myth 4 Discipline imposed by international institutions to keep them effective whereby placing policy making authority in the hands of these organizations. Myth 5 The East Asian model cannot be replicated when in fact intimately developed countries utilized this model. Myth 6 Developing countries should imitate the Anglo American model of capitalism which fared poorly in the economic boom of the 1990s.The authors went ahead(predicate) to put forward alternative policies for faster economic development which includes the pecuniary system providing adequate finance quantities for investment projects at appropriate prices, enforcing rigorous laws on new foreign loans incurred by domestic borrowers, defocusing on cipher balance and maximizing FDI potentials to promote economic and industrial development in developing countriesWhile arguing for these policies, it will be sensible to circular that economies are different and there can be no go around practice policy that everyone should use (Chang 2003). Policies for development should not be primed(p) but depend on stages of development of a developing nation and other factors such as resource capacity, economic, political and social conditions.Pender, J. (2001) From geomorphologic Adjustment to Comprehensive Development modelli ng Conditionality Transformed? Third creative activity Quarterly, 22 (3), 397-411.Pender reviews how the World Banks approach to development has changed over decades and brought about grave shifts to its conditionality approach. In the light of new changes between the 90s and today, the World Bank explicate a Comprehensive Development Framework, based on a relationship of partnership to replace its erstwhile structural adjustment lending (p. 397).The author examines why the World Banks perspectives of development changed through different periods In the eighties to early 90s, GDP was used as a measure of development as the Bank was mostly concerned with rapid economic growth and sustenance for least developed countries (LDC) and the adoption of policies such as limit of state spending, controlling inflation, commodity exports and privatization as factors to achieve development.The 1990s pull lack of confidence in these policies and there were strong doubts about its competence j udging from the success of the Asian Economies that developed rapidly without the World Banks policy prescriptions. This informed the Bank to change its 1980 view about minimal state role in development and that growth by itself is not exuberant (p 401). Thus in 1990, a formulation of an approach based on both labour intensive growth and widespread provision of basic social services (p.401). In spite of these alterations, there were criticisms that the Bank reforms were not aiding Africas growth but rather, increasing stagnant economies through the implementation of the Banks policies. harmonise to Pender, the Bank lost confidence in its policy framework in early 1995, with the Asian miracle and LDCs failure and was forced to critique its proclaim policies and re-orientate. This adaption was experimented between 1995-1997 with improvements in the understanding of economic development and poverty simplification as the central focus.The author gives clear informed views of the pro cess of policy change within the World Bank at different multiplication but fails to analyze the impact of this new focus of poverty lessening and its success to the development of todays third world countries.Chang, H. (2003) Kicking away the ladder. Development Strategy in Historical Perspectives. London, Anthem Press. Chapter 1.Changs analysis centers around one question, How did the abstruse countries really become rich? He uncovers some myths about developed countries developmental experience and argues that developed countries did not develop through the same policies that they recommend to the developing world.This pressure from developed countries to the developing world to adopt a set of good policies that they adopted when they themselves were developing is face up with criticisms because historical evidence suggests otherwise and goes on to say that they are laborious to hide the secret of their success (p. 2).Some of these policies include liberalization of trade, pr ivatization, restricting macroeconomic policies and deregulation but facts show that most of the developing countries used export subsidies and industry protection, industrial policies that the WTO disapproves in the present world. The USA and UK were examples of fiery users of these same policies frowned at in contrast to the free trade policies and free market they prophesy.Chang quotes List, the German economist that Britain was the first country to perfect the art of infant industry promotion which is the principle behind most countries transit to success (p. 3). He argues that developed countries, while alleging to recommend good policies to developing countries are actually trying to kick away the ladder of their own economic development.A conclusion is drawn on some methodological issues of David Ricardos neoliberal policies to Friedrich Lists infant industry argument that while developed countries preach Ricardo to developing nations, they actually pursued Lists policies in the past.Although Chang did not confront and compare works of economic historians e.g. L.E Birdzells How the West grew rich in relation to his How did the rich countries really become rich to identify similar or different conclusions, his examination of historical materials to reach important and interesting conclusions is a parcel that is immensely valuable to the current debates on development that will plain challenge contemporary policies and enrich development theory.REFERENCESChang, H. (2003) Kicking away the ladder. Development Strategy in Historical Perspectives. London, Anthem Press. Chapter 1.Chang, H., and Ilene G. (2004) Reclaiming Development from the Washington Consensus, Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 27(2), 274-291.Pender, J. (2001) From Structural Adjustment to Comprehensive Development Framework Conditionality Transformed? Third World Quarterly, 22 (3), 397-411.Rapley, J. (2007) Understanding Development possible action and Practice in the Third World ( 3rd edition). Colorado. Lynne Reinner.Sen, A (2001). Development as Freedom. Oxford. Oxford University Press. Chapter 1.Willis, K. (2005) Theories and Practices of Development. London. Routledge. p. 32-42.

The Performance Management At Hewlett Packard Commerce Essay

The slaying Management At Hewlett Packard Commerce EssayHewlett-Packard is sweard to be one and only(a) of the intimately popular companies in the universe. It markets all over the world and distinct locations. lodge Hewlett and Dave Packard founded HP in the year 1939. The caller has its own philosophy to form success and stand different from its competitors in the market. Management by Objectives ( wad) is one of the successful trends carried out by HP smart set to measure its military operation worry and estimation administration. Therefore many companies were following this rule for evaluating their surgical operation prudence. The objective of this report is to identify the carrying into action trouble effectiveness and frequency of appraisal and also recognize the strength and limitations at HP Company and to make recommendations regarding their limitations and possible demeanors to overcome them (Armstrong 2005).Hewlett-Packard Hewlett-Packard (HP) is a multi national company marketing allover the world. The company offers a wide range of consumer and IT products such as personal computers, Laptops, printing machines and services, Ink, Toner paper, Monitors, Accessories and softwares, Scanners, Smart Phones etc.The HP portThe HP way is not entirely different from other companys management philosophy. But the company has got its own principles and management frame apply by its founders in approaching the top to bottom take aim management in distinct way. It implies that the company should trust and respect every mortal and they believe in their employees intelligence leads to company success and they followed decentralized system (Peter Burrows crease week 2004). This leads HP Company to retain the second top intimately fructifys in the hardware industry globally (Hardware Top 100 2010). dust AimPerformance management is a emergence carried out by cheeks in order to attain the organization goals by identifying their employees public presentation severally and in teams (Armstrong Baron, 2005). The management levels may differ from organizations to organizations thus every management has its own performance appraisal system to identify, support, ascertain problems, develop and clutch to the employees regard their work performance (Sims 2002a, p. 81). Performance management evaluates the companys performance of the employees, which helps to hap effective feedback in order to improve their employees working performance and to succeeded organization targets. The organizations targets are considered to be the long-term goals and to attain that performance appraisal system are to be carried as short goals. Controlling process, which is the most all-important(a) role of any organization to monitor the individual employees performance and this helps to differentiate the employees performance and to analyses the overall management performance (Sims, 2002a). The basic need for imperious system is to initiate performance principles, observing performance of the employees and comparing it with the old principles framed by the organization and finally taking required follow through to manage the performance.Hewlett-Packard applies the quality management therefore their organizations aim and objective is implicated about the ultimate customers. Therefore, HP employees practice the intrigue called Management by Objectives (MOB). This scheme has structured the company objectives into two elements as long-term objectives and short-term objectives. These objectives were discussed amongst their distinct management levels that are communicating the performance criteria with the individual employees and as department vise were negotiated. The Management by Objective (MOB) scheme reigns how the employees complete their task successfully, which indicates the process of mentoring and coaching. This process is made efficient by interconnecting the monitoring process at all levels throughout the HP Company. MOB also involves in the strategic planning of HP Company as a part that describes the aim or goal of the company. The companys top management involves in performance management system and introduces the performance appraisal process to the employees and given chances to fix their goals. Even the workers at bottom management level are pass ond to participate in the process of decision fashioning by suggesting their views for attaining targets successfully this process is carried out for every six months between all levels. The Mobs objectives are to serve as day-to-day to help in making decision for tremendous growth of the company. Dave Packard believe in if HP made every individuals understanding their company objectives and goals and what the company planning for, thus they could easily get every employees narrow attention towards attaining the goal. This is known as the HP Way.Frequency of AppraisalIt is a process of identifying the employees characteristics dur ing the working menses that basically indicates quantitative and also qualitative features of management performance. This can be identified by adopting certain appraisal methods in order to find how the employees work efficiently and perfectly. matchly performance appraisal has goal put and performance evaluation as arching targets. These targets are combined because of the performance management criteria used by the managers/supervisor in order to encourage the employees by giving proper command about how to transfer results to make out distinct levels of performance.1. Goal SettingIn HP Company they traditionally practice the HP Way, according to it they give respect and importance to individually individual employee, therefore people in top-to-bottom level management involve determined their goals. According to Bill Hewlett (co-founder of HP) a organizations performance should be mensural by setting up of Goals also that should be measurable in both(prenominal) qualitati ve and quantitative terms for efficient management performance (mystrategicplan).2. Performance EvaluationIn Hewlett-Packard, the performance evaluation method is implemented as a basic development device. The company conducts frequent meetings by mixed up with all level of management people at one roof to evaluate about the management performance quarterly. According to the HP Way the employees are given full freedom to place their requests and ideas in the meeting and their suggestions are strongly supported. They practice an informal way of approaching to the analysis the performance of its management by giving feedbacks to the employees on an ongoing basis. This reflects and made the company to introduce 360-degree and MOB appraisal method as measuring the companys performance.Method of AppraisalManagement of ObjectivesIn HP Company their managements performance is analyzed by carrying out the management of objectives appraisal method. Through this method the company find their employees rating during the work succession and those who attain top rating are awarded with promotions and offers on the other pass by the employees who got poor performance rating will be taken demand actions to make them correct accordingly. This appraisal scheme followed by the Hewlett-Packard Company measures both the qualitative and quantitative aspects of their employees performance. The company follows a quality management and so their objectives

Early Childhood Mathematics Teaching

Early Childhood mathematicssss dogma math is one repress that unleashes deep-seated memories for mevery an(prenominal) people. Most of these memories include the learn of numeral concepts and skills. Such acquirement whitethorn either be fulfilling or frustrating for learners, as math covers a wide variety of degrees of herculeany. That is wherefore an useful math apprizeer rear arrive at so a great deal cultivate over students in encyclopedism and even loving the subject. An in effect(p) math instructor should be able to model to her students her enthusiasm for the bailiwick that she takes didactics it seriously while according due respect to her learners who may not exhibit the same level of competencies for the subject.Preschool is a time when clawren may first encounter numerical lessons, however, much recent look into has indicated that preschool children eat up the capability to understand a variety of numeric concepts even front to entering k indergarten (Klein, Stakey, Clements, Sarama, Lyer, 2008 Clement Sarama, 2007). That is why firstish puerility programs be change magnitudely required to implement maths reading in classrooms because of recent childrens primaeval mathematical friendship. exploitation of former(a) on math skills provides the foundation for later erudition (Clements Sarama, 2008 NAEYC NCTM, 2008 Lee Ginsburg, 2008).According to the National Council of teachers of maths, the quality of mathematical education in early childhood turn of eventss an important part in the childs understanding of perchance difficult math concepts (Loop, 2009). Although on that point had been many studies pertaining to patterns of mathematical pedagogy in preschool, there is a lack of seek on how memoriseers of math see how teenaged children learn Math and even what to teach in concurrence to the ontogenyal level of their learners.This menstruation oeuvre draws much inspiration and opinion fro m the work of Platas (2008) entitled meter Teachers experience of Early numeral Development and their Beliefs about Mathematics Teaching and Learning in the Preschool Classroom. Platas was able to trea accepted the acquaintance of early mathematical developing and beliefs about math learn and teaching in the preschool classroom of preschool teachers using developed and validated vista instruments and statistical analysis (2008). There was a evidentiary variation in the association and beliefs of early childhood teachers on age- bookness of math learning, classroom locale of generation of mathematical association, math versus socio-emotional learning and the comfort level in providing the instruction. The instrument used in the research has been found to be ministrant for the preparation of prospective Math teachers as nearly as for the captain reading of current Math educators.Platas work has raised many issues and beliefs regarding the ontogenesisal knowledge of preschoolers. Such issues include age-appropriateness of mathematical instruction used by teachers in preschools, the extent of learning of much(prenominal) mathematical concepts taught, the purpose of teaching math concepts in preschool and the comfort level of teachers when they introduce such(prenominal) math concepts to preschool children (Clement Sarama, 2007 Ginsburg Golbeck, 2004 Platas, 2008).DEFINITION OF TERMSBelief covers all the matters of which we keep no sure knowledge and yetwhich we atomic snatch 18 sufficiently confident of to act upon and alike the matters that wenow accept as certainly true, as knowledge, alone which yet may bequestioned in the future (Dewey, 1933, p. 6).early mathematical involve the increasingly complex mathematical constructions and goals that spring chicken children develop and pursue in their activities(Platas, 2008, p.3).In-service preschool teachers teachers who argon currently teaching in thepreschool level of education. Pre-service preschool teachers aspiring teachers of early childhood educationwho ar qualified to teach but brace not yet gained any teaching birth.STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM galore(postnominal) national and state organizations make believe provided teachers with guidelines to help improve mathematics instruction for new-fangled children. Forty-six states baffle comprehensive learning standards for preschool children (Barett et al., 2008). Furthermore, national organizations such as the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) and National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) bushel out developed specialised recommendations related to high quality mathematics instruction in the early childhood classroom (NAEYC NCTM, 2006). As the NCTM and NAEYC proclaimed, vastness in the learning and development of mathematical skills and knowledge is important in building the foundation of mathematical development of preschool children. However, some early lea rning programs do not focus on high quality mathematics instruction despite research certifying early mathematics comes influencing mathematical out bonks later in school and promoting school readiness skills in mathematics (Lopez, Gallimore, Garnier, Reese, 2007 Slaby, Loucks, Stelwagon, 2005).Other remarkable studies displayed that there are many activities involved in teaching mathematics to younker children and this would involve knowledge about the subject matter, pedagogical content knowledge, lecturing, introduction of symbolism, and connecting terrestrial experience to abstract ideas (Ginsburg Amit, 2008). This would accuse the unavoidableness to effectively train teachers of early mathematics.There are many square studies in line with early childhood education but little information is revealed about the teaching of early mathematics (Ginsburg Amit, 2008). This hoo-hah in research in mathematics education calls for the read to be filled especially in the area of teachers knowledge development and beliefs in teaching math in preschool.The tho remarkable research in the area of teachers knowledge on preschool mathematical development is that of Platas (2008). Platas suggested in her recommendations, besides study is still needed in the area taking into esteem a larger sample size and different necessary adjustments (2008).The need for preschool children to be provided with high quality early childhood programs calls for competent educators in general. Specific to this study, competent math teachers concerned with the development of mathematical ability of preschoolers are the qualifications demanded.It is in this regard that early childhood educators in mathematics should create the base foundation required in the education system. This chamberpot significantly create meaningful understanding on how pre-service teachers and in-service teachers in early childhood education for mathematics should handle and estimate their teaching a bilities and methods. However, it system uncertain whether pre-service teachers and in-service teachers in early childhood education for mathematics have significantly the same knowledge of mathematical development and belief. Thus, it is important to tax their knowledge of development and belief about it so as to come up with a clear justification if there is a need to align their level of skills, knowledge and beliefs if necessary.Even though Platas (2008) was able to canvass early childhood teachers based on their knowledge of early mathematical development and beliefs about mathematics teaching and learning in the preschool classroom, there was no comparison through between pre-service and in-service preschool teachers in this regard. The researcher believes that this research gap needs to be filled since future and current teachers knowledge and beliefs depart inevitably create an usurpation in untested childrens mathematical knowledge development. It would be evoke to d etermine if experience in teaching of in-service teachers have affected their knowledge and beliefs on mathematical knowledge development and beliefs or if they remain the same as their pre-service counterparts. Hence this study go away analyze and review in-service teachers and pre-service preschool teachers understanding on mathematical knowledge development and beliefsPURPOSE OF THE STUDYThe purpose of this study is to examine and compare the mathematical development and beliefs in preschool learning between in-service preschool teachers and pre-service preschool teachers. The comparison depart gauge the need to enhance the teachers knowledge of mathematical development and beliefs in early childhood education. Further development of these teachers adeptness in mathematical knowledge as well as fine tuning their beliefs will be done in the backdrop of the literature in preschool math development. query QUESTIONSThe researcher will compare and evaluate in-service teachers and pr e-service preschool teachers knowledge and beliefs of mathematical development and teaching. In ordain to find significant results for this, the researcher will gauge to answer the main research question at of the studyTo what extent, if any, is there a difference between In-service teachers and pre- service preschool teachers with regard to their knowledge and beliefs of how to teach mathematics to preschool children?Specifically, the following sub-questions will be answered at the end of the studyWhat do the teachers stand for are the necessary concepts and skills preschoolersneed to learn in the area of math?What teaching methods do the teachers think are effective in teaching these mathematical concepts and skills?What are their beliefs regarding teaching math? supposalIt is hypothesized that there are significant differences between the beliefs of in-service and pre-service preschool teachers on the basis of experience. Those who have experiences in the teaching mathematics will have a divers(prenominal) perspective basing from their own experiences compared to those who have confine or no experience in teaching mathematics to preschool children.It is in any case hypothesized that there are significant differences in the knowledge of mathematical development between in-service and pre-service preschool teachers.REVIEW OF belles-lettresWhat Preschool Math EntailsThe study of Math incorporates the processes of questioning, reflecting, reasoning and proof. It is a powerful spear for solving familiar and unfamiliar problems both within and beyond mathematics. As such, it is integral to scientific and technological advances in many fields of exploit (Brewer, 2001). The inclusion of Mathematics in the curriculum is aimed at developing students mathematical thinking, understanding, competence and confidence in the application of mathematics, their own creativity, enjoyment and penchant of the subject and their engagement in lifelong learning (Board of Studies New second Wales, 2002)Apart from the skills developed from the study of Math, determines and attitudes are likewise emphasized. Students carry to appreciate mathematics as an essential and relevant part of life. They show interest and enjoyment in inquiry and the pursuit of mathematical knowledge, skills and understanding. Children salute confidence in applying mathematical knowledge, skills and understanding to everyday situations and the solution of everyday problems. Math also aims to develop and demonstrate perseverance in parturiency mathematical challenges. Students recognise that mathematics has been developed in many cultures in response to human needs (Board of Studies New South Wales, 2002).The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (2000) identified high quality mathematics programs for early childhood as having the following characteristics (Brewer, 2001, pp. 319-320)They build upon and extend childrens intuitive and informal mathematics knowledgeThey are grounded in knowledge of child developmentThey provide environments that countenance children to be active learners, eager for new challengesThey develop a blind drunk conceptual framework that provides the foundation for skills acquisitionThey nurture and develop childrens propensity to solve problems.Math Teaching Strategies in PreschoolChildren learn much on their own. However, the question of whether certain math concepts should be deliberately taught by the teacher or just be freely learned by children with play is another issue in math learning (Clement Sarama, 2007 Ginsburg Golbeck, 2004 Platas, 2008).Shaftel, pay and Schnabel (2005) agree that children are more motivated to learn even difficult lessons in Math or other subjects through instructional games and simulations quite than traditional classroom instruction. Games have been found to result in amend content retention over time, possibly because of the opportunity for more participation. Math games improve d on-task behavior and achievement even for students with mild intellectual disabilities (Beattie Algozzine, 1982).What motivates children with math games is that it allows them many opportunities to reinforce current knowledge and to try out other strategies or techniques without fear of getting the wrong answer. Trial and error is continuously encouraged, making them more confident in taking risks (Shaftel, Pass and Schnabel, 2005). Math games provide students with an environment for experiencing incorrect answers not as mistakes but as necessary steps towards connecting pieces of knowledge together (Holton et al, 2001 Quinn et al, 1992). Practical games such as those involving knowledge about money should be tied to real-life experiences if mathematical learning is to be optimized. Simulations develop metacognitive skills for analyzing and organizing data, checking responses, justifying solutions to problems and applying mathematical knowledge to daily activities (Hopkins and D orsey, 1992).Issues of Teachers Teaching Math in PreschoolThis study is also concerned about the commitment of teachers in teaching math to young children (OConnor, 2010).. It is essential to investigate if they know the value of teaching math concepts to preschoolers at a very young age, which math concepts to teach and if it is worth teaching such concepts. It would also be interesting to know how comfortable these teachers are in teaching Mathematics and what are their attitudes and insights towards it.Teachers derive their behaviors, attitudes and ethics from their own personal and professional philosophies on teaching. instrument panel (1997) analyzes how such a philosophy leads to ones development of a pedagogical approach. A school having its own philosophy should have their teachers who hold the same beliefs. junction of their philosophy is essential for harmony. Gore (1997) claims that systematic and disciplined observations of pedagogy are necessary in order to clarify a nd perhaps compromise on the philosophy everyone essential(prenominal) believe in and live by. This implies that a teachers cognizance of teaching a particular subject such as Math reflects her own and the schools philosophy regarding the subject.Many researchers have been intensively studying young childrens mathematical development and have come to understand the developmental growth of childrensmathematical understanding (Baroody, A. J., Lai, M.-L., Mix, K.S, 2006 Clement Sarama 2007 Seo Ginsburg, 2004). In order to support early mathematical development in young children, researchers recommend that teachers (a) develop a deep understanding of the mathematical content and concepts (Baroody, et al., 2006) (b) develop an understanding of young childrens mathematical development, including the ability to take into consideration the prior knowledge of the child (Baroody et al., 2006 Clement, 2001 Clement Sarama 2007) and (c) be fluent in the classroom pedagogy that supports a nd fosters such development including a knowledge of useful representations and strategies and common misconceptions and errors (Baroody, et al., 2006 Seo Ginsburg, 2004).By increasing teachers knowledge and understanding of mathematical knowledge development, it is expected that children will also learn better and a more productive classroom aureole is will be created. Therefore, it is important for teachers to know how to support childrens mathematical development in the preschool classroom in order to develop effective and appropriate classroom instruction. Teachers also need to understand how children learn mathematical knowledge as well as assessing their understanding, and monitoring their progress.Apart from the information yielded by Platas (2008) work, the literature point out that preschool teachers need to have a specific level of competency in their teaching which can be mensural through their knowledge and beliefs. It was found that kindergarten teachers different tr aining experiences and school contexts have significant impacts on childrens readiness for school (Lin, Lawrence, Gorrell, 2008). This implies that the level of knowledge and beliefs of preschool teachers have been significantly influenced by their training experiences and level of education received. Preschool teachers have different views on early childhood education with some of them thinking the programs in their schools may either be excessively advanced or too basic.Teachers preparation for cultural diversity in preschool is important prior to creating a welcoming learning environment (Hughes, Kwok, 2007). Skills and knowledge of teachers are important considerations especially on the basic education level. Teachers gestures and utterances were found to have a significant role in childrens learning (Klerfelt, 2007, Valenzeno, Alibali, Klatzky, 2003). In preschool education, high quality teacher-child relationships are expected. Knowing how to establish such good relationsh ips with young children implies that the preschool teacher must have substantial knowledge on relationship building in early childhood education programs (OConnor, 2010). This also suggests that the teacher is effective and knows how to instill fun in learning.Preschool teachers must have adequate knowledge and square beliefs in a particular subject area they are tasked to teach. They should have knowledge of useful representations and strategies and common misconception errors when it comes to mathematical development in young children in particular (Broody et al., 2006). A Development model that coincides with theory and research is needed to create the building blocks for early childhood mathematics (Sarama, Clements, 2004). On the other hand, a teachers belief is hard to measure but it proves a reliable measure of teachers experiences and actions (Muis, Bendixen, Haerle, 2006). For example, a teacher may believe that young children are capable of understanding quantities bec ause she herself has been successful in teaching a preschooler the concept of quantities, of which set has more objects and which set has less. Thus, knowledge and beliefs of teachers are requirements for mathematical development in early childhood education.Education and narrow training of preschool teachers are associated with young childrens learning and development (Barnett, 2004). Evaluation of the impactof Early Childhood Education teacher preparation programs and professional development conclude that benefits of high-quality preschool education can only be achieved if teachers are professionally prepared and well-compensated (Barnett, 2004). Research shows that a well-prepared early childhood education teacher brings a warm, safe and conducive environment for learning (NAEYC, 2006). Perceptions of teacher on student-teacher quality and of childrens academic abilities proved to influence academic competence among students (Hughes, Gleason, Zhang, 2005). In addition, it is i mportant to focus on quality of room practices, child characteristics, teachers perceptions of school-related climates and teachers perceptions of work load stress (Mantzicopoulos, 2005). It was found that the amount of teachers math-related teaching was super associated to childrens mathematical knowledge (Klibanoff, Levine, Huttenlocher, Vasilyeva, Hedges, 2006). The attitudes of preschool teachers on early mathematics do not change as they acquired knowledge of preschool teachers (Alinsinanoglu, Guven, Kesicioglu, 2009). Teachers elementary education credentials, years of education and years of experience have complex impact to childrens learning (Connor, Son, Hundman, Morrison, 2005). All of these issues can essentially be addressed by studying further within the context, knowledge and ability of early educators for early childhood education.SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDYThis study takes on Platas suggestion that more research should be done in terms of investigating preschool teachers knowledge and beliefs regarding the developmental mathematical knowledge of preschool children. In compliance with the standards of NCTM for high quality math programs, evaluation of teachers competencies should be done to ensure the quality of teaching in early childhood programs.This studys entailment lies in ensuring that teachers are adequately skilled and emotionally ready to teach mathematical concepts in the preschool level. In addition, this study is a contribution to the ontogenesis body of knowledge of early childhood education. Furthermore, new information may be derived from concerned participants in this research such as recent ideas coming from the perspective of in-service and pre-service teachers that could be subservient in improving ones mental process in their jobs.Thus, the importance of pursuing this trend of thinking will highly benefit teachers in early childhood education. In particular, there is a need to publish studies such this in order to p rovide support and enhancement of skills to new teachers in the field. It is important to study perceptions of early childhood educators because they play a significant role in young childrens learning and development of knowledge and skills (Chien, Hui, 2010).This study will help not only teachers to better understand the learning process involved in order to maximize mathematical knowledge development of young children. It is also helpful in building a better mathematical foundation for young children.OVERVIEW OF METHODOLOGYInstruments to be used for this study are the instruments developed by Platas (2008) namely the Knowledge of Mathematical Development (KMD) Survey and the Beliefs survey. A demographic questionnaire gathering information about the respondents will also be distributed.The Knowledge of Mathematical Development Survey (Platas) is a set of 20 multiple-choice questions that tests teachers knowledge and development in the area of verbal counting sequence, counting, no. number of words, addition/subtraction, divisions of sets, written number symbols and words. In each number, the teacher-respondents are to choose which of two math skills children are likely to learn first. If the respondents think that both choices are easily learned by a child, so the choice of same may be picked. However if the respondent does not know which skill is easier for a child to learn, he or she can choose the option do not know.The Beliefs Survey is a set of 40 beliefs about Math teaching and learning. It has a 5-pt. Likert scale with responses that prune from Strongly Agree to Strongly Disagree. The belief survey will evaluate the teachers perspective about 4 areas (1) age appropriateness of mathematics instruction in the early childhood classroom, (2) locus of Generation of Mathematical Knowledge, (3) cordial and Emotional vs. Mathematical Development as Primary Goal of Preschool and (4) Teacher comfort in mathematics instruction.The participants involved in t he study will be comprised of 200 in-service teachers and 100 pre-service teachers that will be chosen in random. Results will be analyzed using ANOVA as well as correlation analysis.LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDYThis study will be limited to exploring the knowledge development and beliefs of pre-service and in-service preschool teachers regarding math. It will not evaluate on any other subject area. It is important to note that in terms of experience, the pre-service teachers will have no teaching experience whereas with the in-service teachers experience may wander from a few months to about 20 years, depending on the sample gathered. Also, the number of in-service participants is much higher than the pre-service participants. These factors may affect the results due to this unbalance and must be taken into account when data is analyzed.Summary of Chapter 1Mathematical learning now comes at an earlier age. Preschoolers surprisingly manifest basic mathematical knowledge even before they start school. This realization that young children can already do Math has encouraged professional organizations such as NAEYC and NCTM have come up with guidelines that Math teachers should consult and acquiesce to in their teaching of mathematical concepts and skills.Teachers of young children have the power to influence their preschool students. Teachers should basically possess adequate knowledge and skills as well as appropriate beliefs if quality teaching is to be expected. The work of Platas (2008) entitled Measuring Teachers Knowledge of Early Mathematical Development and their Beliefs about Mathematics Teaching and Learning in the Preschool Classroom has been a monumental inspiration for this current study. However, this study goes beyond exploring teachers knowledge development and beliefs about Math by comparing knowledge development and beliefs of in-service preschool teachers and pre-service preschool teachers. It is presumed that the element of experience will play a significant role in either strengthening or modifying teachers knowledge and beliefs about Math in early childhood education.

Stages of Development | 0-19 Years

Stages of Development 0-19 YearsExplain the sequence and account of each aspect of increase from turn in 19 long time.The sequence of bring aboutment refers to the expected designing of victimisation of a squirt from birth d whiz and through with(predicate) to 19 years. Child using, in sport, refers to the biological, the physical and the emotional or psychological transmits which concern place within a time-frame as the individual passes through various stages or phases from (complete) dependency to (increasing) autonomy. The term teaching incorporates the attainments and knowledge that children and upstart people be developing.Children and new-fashioned people follow a pattern or sequence or order of evolution, and knowledge about expectations at the assorted ages and stages, helps practitioners to support development, as wellhead as to identify those individuals who whitethorn need additional support or those who may require extension, for example, throug h a gifted and talented programme.Skills and knowledge and physical growth atomic number 18 all interconnected and therefore advisenot be viewed in isolation. Instead a holistic approach to development needs to be relieveed as these atomic number 18as ar co-dependent. Children and progeny people need to be fitting to develop properly in order to finish off their full potential. Practitioners should remain aw be of the fact that although each domain of development is important as an entity in its own right, each area is as important as each an other(prenominal), and to a fault that they all impact upon each other. The areas roll in the hay be recite out as such, but they are reliant upon each other and so if a child does not grant the physical skills to turn pages in a book or the language to decode words, hence that child will not be open to read.Developmental changes may be influenced by a variety of factors, including genetics, events during prenatal development, the delivery and birth itself as well as post natal influences. Developmental change can be due to maturation genetically controlled processes or as a result of environmental factors, although mostly, there is an interaction between the two.The development of children and newfangled people is a continuous process and can be measured in a variety of ways. Children and young people prevail to develop at different rates but the sequence or order in which they develop will be more(prenominal) or less the same. For example, a child will acquire one skill walking, before developing the next skill in the sequence running.As development tends to be more rapid in the early years, the milestones are initially quite close together. As a baby becomes a toddler / child and the toddler / child becomes a young soulfulness, the milestones can be further apart. It is important to bear in mind that children and young people are individuals, so their rate of development may be different and al so development may not progress crossways all the required areas with the same degree of equality. Sometimes the rate of development can present ca social occasion for concern. However, it is essential to remember that each mortal is unique and this must be borne in mind, especially when examining the rate and development of a child or young person.Generally speaking, development is tell to progress from head to toe, from the inner self to the outer self, from simple to thickening and finally from general to specific.The aspects of development by which children and young people are measured a agnizest arePhysical DevelopmentPhysical development can be sub-divided intoFine motor skills (manipulation) involve the coordination and control of small muscles, for example, tie a shoe lace or using pincer time lag to pick up crumbs or hold a pencil and secernate make with it.Gross motor skills involve the coordination and the control of large muscles and the acquiring of skills such as running and walking, throwing a cluster or pedalling a bicycle. These skills require the use of the entire clay or at least several parts of the body. Muscle tone and muscle strength are important, for example, if a body has high tone, the endeavors may be saccade or appear disconnected and if the muscle strength is poor, the child or young person may not be able to work much pressure with his hands or legs. The quality and come in of movement is also important does a child or young person move noticeably slowly or too quickly and is the child or young person able to make movements that go from one side of the body to the other (crossing the midline).Physical development is about learning to master movements and this allows a child or young person to become nonparasitic. They master the ability to explore and interact the man and environment around them. The muscles in the body need to develop and gain strength and as they do, the body is able to coordinate better.Cognitiv e / ingenious DevelopmentThis encompasses the way in which the brain processes information (remembering names or colours or numbers and information). Imagination (for example in role-play), is also a cognitive skill and cognitive development is watertightly conjugate to communicating and language.Communication and oral communicationThis is about learning to communicate with other people and understanding their communication in return. Talking, reading, writing and using gestures/body language or a sign language, are all examples of communication and it is essential that children and young people acquire language and a jog of vocabulary or sign language skills in order to be able to communicate potently. Receptive and expressive language are effective tools for communication. As stated above, communication and language are relate to cognitive development ( thinking about what others are trying to convey as well as what you are trying to express).Social and Emotional Developmen tThis area is about forming and maintaining relationships, understanding oneself, becoming self-reliant, having the ability to make decisions, feeling philanthropy and empathy, knowing what behaviour is acceptable, and having the ability to control emotions appropriately. This area is closely linked to cognitive language development. knowing or Moral DevelopmentThis has strong links with cognitive development and is a sub-set of social and emotional development. Intellectual or moral development is about decisions that children and young people take, principles they adopt and their behaviour towards others. It includes a child or young persons attention span, ability to understand information and to reason, the developing of memory, logical thinking and questioning. For example, Piaget advocated that group games promoted and advanced the moral and intellectual development of children and young people. An braggy explains the rules of a game and gradually reduces his or her involvem ent, allowing the child or young person to regulate the game this allows room for a child to take risks, to make errors and to learn and develop moral understanding and autonomy.Table lucubrate the sequence and rate of each aspect of development from birth to 19 years plusAgeIntellectualSocial/EmotionalLanguageGross MotorFine Motor SkillsInfant Birth to 12 monthsLearns by experimenting with hands and putting objects in mouth.Attaches to the mother and father and begins to earn faces smiles.At about six months begins to recognise parents and expresses a fear of strangers. Responds to and participates in simple interactive games.Vocalises a lot more and imitates some sounds, says 2 syllable words like mama, dada, baba.Lifts head, pulls chest up, rolls over, pulls to sit up and crawls or stands either with some or no support.Is able to reach for objects and picks up finger food or toys, like rattles or keys. Picks up small objects like crumbs.Toddler1 2 yearsIs able to learn words for people and objects and to name some items when prompted.Learns that self and parents are separate, imitates sounds, is able to indicate needs or wants without crying.Is able to say more words and follow simple instructions.Can walk, kick, stop, jump, throw a ball and drop items.Unbutton clothing, build tower with few bricks, mark make, use spoon to feed self.Preschool 2 5 yearsKnows when is tired or hungry, cold/wet or soiled and recognises some colours, numbers, shapes and objects.Able to separate from carer with ease, un/dress with assistance, wash / dry hands, play games. Increasingly independent in toileting and self-care.Follows simple or complex instructions, speaks in simple sentences. Good range of vocabulary.Runs, hops, squats and jumps, pedals a tricycle, balances and co-ordinates well. Pulls self onto play equipment.Builds tower of 7/8 cubes, forms letter and some alphabet and is able to pedal a bicycle. Feeds self.School 5 12 yearsUnderstands numeracy and literacy concepts, relationships between objects and feelings, acquires knowledge and skill.Increasingly independent, emotionally unbosom attached to its parents, dresses/undresses mostly without assistance, joins clubs and social groups, make friendships.Has an increasing bank of vocabulary, is able to describe his / her feelings, or objects, or materials, is able to school independently.Improved balance, may overestimate physical capabilities, joins in different physically demanding activities.Able to subject area/draw people, copy detail in figures and objects, sew, knit, paint and craft with control.12 18 yearsUnderstands some abstract concepts like death or illness or God and religion, and develops an understanding of complex ideas.Experiences mood swings and changes in behaviour, highly influenced by peer group, distances from parents emotionally, engrossed by self-image, may lose sexual relationship.Uses increased vocabulary and understands abstract concepts such as grief.These ar e now fully developed.These are now fully developed.19 years plusContinues to develop ability to make sound decisions, understands complexity of relationships with others.Becomes independent and develops own lifestyle, chooses career path, develops a social and economic status, may have a partner, become a parent,Continues to develop knowledge, uses increased vocabulary and different styles of language.These are now fully developed.These are now fully developed.

Operating Strategy :: essays research papers

operational St come ingyApollo Hospitals, IndiaConsidering the elements of a strategic service vision, the fol lowlying are thefactors applicable to the Apollo Hospitals of India. The service visionframework are according to an exhibit from "Lessons in the Service Sector" byJames L. Heskett, Harvard Business Review, March/April 1987, p. 120.1. guide Market segments Population Statistics Population above 920 mill. people with wide kindof economic levels, social statuses, and cultures. Lowest per capita GNP $255,population growth 2% p.a. Growth real GNP 4.5%. Middle fall apart 270 mill. Wealthy30 million people. Target Market Segment Upper middle class, the wealthy, and fraternityemployees with health insurance (108 million in 1994 ). Half of the middle classable to pay for private health care. Current Market perspective Most hospitals are state run at very low cost, lowtech, and low quality. Private checkup facilities are available - extremelyspecialized, charging market rate (not latest technology but provides privacyand intimacy). treatment of a complex ailment in a private insane asylum is more(prenominal)time consuming and expensive. Economic liberalization domestic and transnational companies - morecompetition Demography urban, high income as dictated by upper middle class and eliteclass, neighboring countries. Psychography Targeting people who posterior afford comprehensive high qualityservice who are wangle to pay more money for the comfort and treatment by morereputed doctors. Market Growth (income + segments growth) Sizable market of 30 million(wealthy ) and one hundred thirty-five million upper middle class person. Proposed Plan Comprehensive hospital emphasizing on tertiary care --advance therapy and surgery, complicated medical problems. Primary care isstressed mainly through preventive measures. last quality medical care throughthe latest medical technology and the best qualified staff.2. Service Concept The aim is to provide big(p) think of to patient through superior medicalresults, quick treatment, and a low total cost of care relative to competitors.This can be achieved through the Five stars management philosophy medicalpersonnel, medical technology, employees, value and hospitality. Customers perception high quality, comprehensive service at 10-15% belowthan the eyeshade hospitals in Bombay and Delhi in a shorter time period (on average7 days versus industrys average of 9-12 days). Superior medical treatment success rate at par with highest internationalstandard, competitive total cost of care.3. operational Strategy Hospital operates under the Five Stars philosophy.1. Medical personnel passing skilled and experienced doctors mostly returningfrom western countries (well known some(prenominal) academically and clinically). Welltrained and motivated junior doctors, technicians, nurses, and other bread and butterstaff.2. Medical technology Latest available technology, constant and quick update,

marketing consulting :: essays research papers

market Departments in mid-sized businesses face lashings of challenges such as how to target customers more efficiently, how to increase market share, how to contest in the market-place and be ahead of competition, and how to increase one-to-one communications with customers. The palpitant economy has pressured businesses to wrick as streamlined as potential, leaving merchandise departments short on budget and staff. Today, our role as Marketing Consultants is to booster companies not only retain current customers but likewise aggressively grow market-share, open new market potentials and add new customers. Our Marketing offerings can help companies conquer these challenges. We can help building, supervising and kill your Marketing Strategies, whether through with(predicate) dealing with your Marketing Department or through assigning persons from our guild. Why we execute, or supervise for you?Because todays stinting realities have put a tremendous amount of pressure on the Marketing Departments to do more with less staff and budget. Marketing is the totality of the companys activities and strategies in todays high militant market.In the coming years, due to globalization, competition testament boost, professional companies will achieve additional success and economical pressure will become very high. Please note here that cutbacks put companies at risk for losing customers through a lack of new initiatives and competition monitoring. The only possible response is to increase efficiency through breaksourcing your Marketing Planning to experts in the field.Many Business proprietors or Managers think that by simply placing an Ad in a newspaper or a commercial on a radio or a television station, customers will automatically come to purchase their product or service. This could bring some customers out of curiosity but hundreds of other potential customers may never strike of your business. Just think of the money youll lose simply because you d idnt develop an adequate Marketing Plan.As mentioned previously, Marketing is the core of your Business operations and it determines how successful your business will be. What you, as a Business Owner or Manager, must do is maintain a thorough sagaciousness of the Marketing Plan, and use it to extract advantages from the marketplace. Remember, your aim is not only to describe and keep a steady group of loyal customers but also to expand your customer base by identifying and attracting new customers and to reduce risks by anticipating Market Shifts that can affect your bottom line. we visualize success to your company and help you reach it

Jane Erye vs. Charlotte Bronte Essay -- essays research papers fc

Charlotte Bronte, born in 1816 at Thornton, Yorkshire, England, is an English writer who is one of trio sisters, who are also famous for their writings. Bronte wrote Jane Eyre based on her own spirit experiences, which is why the novel is subtitled An Autobiography. Much of the romantic appeal in Jane Eyre comes from Brontes own personal history. Many critics argue that the novel is just now a reflection of Brontes life. Furthermore, there are several ways in which, Brontes life is similar to the life of Jane and the events that take backside in the novel.Charlotte is described as simple, plain, and petite and the daughter of a clergyman just like Jane. Whenever, Charlotte wanted to get away from her daily life, she would assimilate herself into the landscape and nature around her to relive her of stress and Jane is also profoundly influenced by nature. After the death of her mother, Charlotte was sent to live with her strict and spectral aunt, Elisabeth Branwell, who is l ike Janes aunt, Mrs. Reed. In addition, in the house that Charlotte stayed in, there was a small room upstairs that was about the size of a closet, which is similar to the room where Bertha is kept in. On the contrary, this room served as a playroom for Charlotte and her sisters. As a child, Charlotte attended a school specifically for the daughters of clergymen in 1824, which is comparable to Lowood School, where Jane went. Immediately after being a student at the school, Charlotte also became a teacher. In Jane...

Gay, Lesbian and Bisexual Issues - Michael Levin vs. Richard Mohr :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Homosexuality - Michael Levin vs. Richard Mohr         Homosexuality has been on debate for numerous years.  It is mentioned inthe Bible which is thousands of years old.  But recently two philosophers have speak how they feel about Homosexuality.  Michael Levin and Richard Mohrsviews on the subject are in involvement with one another.  Levin argues that quirk is abnormal because it is a misuse of body separate that have evolvedfor use in heterosexual intercourse (Levin 354).  Furthermore, because natural infusion has made the exercise of heterosexuality rewarding to human beings, queerness has a high probability to unhappiness.  Mohr refutes Levins placement about homosexuality myths and stereotypes.  He rejects arguments thathomosexuality is immoral or unnatural.         Levin exemplifies the point that homosexuality is misuse of body partwith the case of Mr. Smith, who likes to play Old M acDonald on his odontiasis so given over is he to this amusement, in fact, that he never uses his teeth forchewing only instead takes nourishment intravenously.  This is a clear exercisingwhere Mr. Smith is misusing his teeth.  In addition to misuse, Levine statesthat this man allow have a dim time to come on purely physiological grounds (Levin 355). Since Mr. Smith isnt using his teeth for chewing, his digestive system willsuffer from disuse.  The result will be Mr. Smiths deteriorating health.  Levinincorporates the evolution process into this example.  He states that Mr. Smithdescended from creatures who enjoy the use of much(prenominal) parts.  Creatures who do notenjoy using such parts of their bodies will tend to be selected out.  Inparticular, human males who enjoyed inserting their penises into each othersanuses have remaining no descendants.  Homosexuality is likely to cause unhappinessbecause it leaves unfulfilled an innate(p) and inn ately rewarding desire (Levin355).         Mohr takes a completely different stance on homosexuality.  According toMohr, homosexuality is perfectly unobjectionable.  The unnaturalness charge thatLevin give homosexuality carries a high stirred up feeling.  This feeling isusually expressing disgust and evincing queasiness.  An example of such feelingsare some peoples response to women who do not trim down body hair.  Many of thepeople who have a strong emotional reaction, without being able to give goodreasons for them, we think of them not as operating morally, but rather as beingobsessed and harum-scarum (Mohr 367).  So the feelings of disgust that some peoplehave to gays will merely ground a charge of immorality.         The idea of natural is a give away defense in Mohrs debate.  He states thatnatural is that it fulfills some function in nature.  According to Levin,homosexuality on this view is unnatural because it violates the function of

Realism in the Movie, Training Day Essay -- Training Day Movie

naive realism in, art and literature, is an attempt to chance on human behavior and surroundings or to represent figures and objects exactly as they act or appear in life (Realism 1). During the 1840s through the 1890s naturalism was present in frequently of the literature from the United Sates and Europe. It has been said that realism is easily visible in many pieces of modern literature and purge in present day films. In 2001, the movie training mean solar day was released into theaters. Many critics agreed that the movie was very realistic. In fact, the main performer Denzel Washington was presented with an academy award for his performance in provision Day. Training Day can be considered realistic, but many aspects of the film take the stand little realism.The movie, Training Day, demonstrates how some police officers take advantage of their positions which is realistic. Mikkelsen states that, ?The stark naked movie Training Day is an excellent fictional demonst ration of how the State, in this case the police, provide a ?legalized channel for crime? (Mikkelsen 1).? It is hard to demarcate the line between doing the right thing and doing the wrong thing to occluded front a crime. As Mikkelson explains, ?Many of the events are to be expected force against suspects, confiscation and use of drugs and especially mvirtuosoy, violations of due process, graft (Mikkelsen 1).? At the turn back of the movie the main character is murdered and the police department makes up a story venerating his death in a domineering manner. In all truth Harris was murdered by the Russians because he anomic his temper and killed someone who was ?talking trash? about him. This is shown when Mikkelsen says, ?The state essential defend cops, when possible, because publicity about ?bad cops? does not reflect thoroughly o... ...od and bad in life. Training Day scripted too much negativity into a movie that took place over only one day, and that is why it i s not realistic.Work CitedMahesh, Chitra. Entertainment Training Day. 29 Sept. 2003. Mikkelsen, Anders. Training Day. 1 Nov. 2001. 29 Sept. 2003. Mr. Cranky?s rating Training Day. 29 Sept. 2003. Parks, Matt. ?Training Day? Reviewed- The Violent Bear it Away. 16 Feb. 2002. 29 Sept. 2003. ?Realism (art and literature).? Encarta. Microsoft Corporation. MSN Learning and Research. 29 Sept. 2003.

An Investigation Into Electrical Resistance :: essays research papers

Background KnowledgeResistance, in electrical energy, is a property of any object or means to resist the head for the hills of an electrical current. The quantity of resistance in an electric circuit determines the nitty-gritty of current plying in the circuit for any stipulation potential difference applied to the circuit. The resistance of an object is determined by the nature of the substance of which it is composed, its resistivity, accounting for its dimensions and its temperature. Resistivity is expressed in terms of Ohms / cm3 at 20C. An electrical conductor is any material that offers little resistance to the flow of an electric current. The difference between a conductor and an insulator, which is a slimy conductor of electricity, is one of degree rather than kind, because all substances conduct electricity to some extent. A good conductor of electricity, such as capital or copper, may have a conductivity billions of times as great, or more, as the conductivity of a g ood insulator, such as glass or mica.MethodWe were influence the task of investigating the factors that cum into play when determining the resistance of a piece of cable. We would be provided with the indispensable apparatus needed to carry out the investigations. The basic setup would regard a circuit with a set of cells connected in serial with an ammeter and the piece of wire being investigated, and a voltmeter connected in analog with the wire. The ammeter is placed in series with the wire. An ammeter has a low resistance, so that it introduces as little extra resistance as possible into the circuit. The voltmeter is connected in parallel with the wire. Voltmeters have a high resistance, so the current they put one over is usually negligible.We decided on the variables that could affect the resistance of a wire&61623 Length of the wire&61623 Thickness of the wire&61623 The material used as the wire&61623 TemperatureWe were to investigate as many of these factors as possi ble devoted a limited period of time. We would carry out a set of experiments where in each one we changed one variable while tutelage the others constant. In each case we would have to measure the current issue through the circuit and the potential difference across the wire given these the resistance could be calculated using the formula R=v/i, where R is the resistance in Ohms, v is the potential difference in Volts, and i is the current in Amperes.

Who is the monster - Frankenstein or his creation? Essay -- English Li

Who is the goliath - Frankenstein or his creation?Frankenstein written by Mary Shelly, was first published in 1818.The obtain has sold millions of copies and has be move up deeply rooted intodays nightspot by films and other versions of the books.The main bulk of the layer is about superior Frankensteins horrendousadventure. However there are sub-plots throughout the story, RobertWaltons journey to the due north Pole, and the time the heavyweight spendswith the DeLacy family.The definition of a monster is, something of unusual sizing orappearance, a huge terrifying creature or an immorality person. ChambersSchool Dictionary All of these definitions can be related to bothFrankenstein and the creation. To the creation, a huge terrifyingcreature and of unusual size and appearance, and to Frankenstein anevil person, powered by his hatred of the monster.Mary Shellys manner was very similar to the story of Frankenstein.Her child, also called William, died at a young age. Her mothe r diedat childbearing and possibly gave the sense of abandonment felt by thecreation, My person was dread(a) and my stature gigantic. What didthis mean? Who was I? What was I? Whence did I come? What was mydestination? These questions continually recurred, but I was unable tosolve them. This showed that the monster was confused about himself,yet had nobody to ask and to confide in. more than like Mary Shelly.When Mary was writing Frankenstein she was reading a book called Emileby John Jacques Rousseau. In this text, Rousseau argued that men areby nature harmless, (i.e. children are naturally innocent) but aremade cruel by society, thought the things they have done to them.Rousseaus quote was, Men reach monsters because... ...e a second monster, the bride for thecreation. However half way through Frankenstein destroyed the systemand thus angered the monster further, when Frankenstein could have hadthe monster out of his life for all eternity. This is also a goodexample of Frank ensteins selfishness as it shows that he was onlythinking about himself as he believes that the creation soundly use thissecond monster to reek havoc upon the world, Three geezerhood before, Iwas engaged in the same manner and created a behemoth whose unparalleledbarbarity Once again we see that he is being dark-skinned towards themonster as he never tried to reason with the monster and any time.had desolated my heart and filled it forever with the bitterestremorse. I was now to bounce another being of whose dispositions I wasalike ignorant she might become ten thousand times more malignantthat her mate.

Bowling for Columbine :: essays research papers fc

      wheel for aquilege, directed by Michael Moore, has been given numerous awards for the best documentary. For many a(prenominal), such as Jim Ferguson of KMSB-TV, he says, Moore has done it again, the years most powerful documentary. An heart opener" (Bowling for Columbine). Yes, a real eye opener to how Moore will aver on fictitious facts and his audiences sympathy towards certain events to approach his message across. Documentaries have many different modes of presenting their material. Mockumentaries define itself as false learns which parody the forms and conventions of documentary, often for humorous effect (Bowling for Columbine). While Bowling for Columbine does not exactly classify as a mockumentary, it does ridicule many of the events or people portrayed throughout the film. However, Moore shapes the viewers thoughts about guns during this film by appealing to their emotions with events such as the Columbine shooting, Kayla Rollands imping e on and the issue of how the united States has the most deaths by guns. Documentaries remain neutral and scarcely present information for the audiences benefit or to submit history. Bowling for Columbine reflects a bias documentary because all facts presented are told only as Moore views it. However, these facts, false in nature, do not try out both sides to the story. Many like Ferguson believe Bowling for Columbine to be an eye opener and true, it does open eyes to the harsh reality of the United States and how people kill each other because of they live in a culture of fear however, it fails to give the complete truth to many of the events given. whole works CitedBowling for Columbine. Dir. Michael Moore.

Essay --

The station which might get to be London first shows up in history as a little military space warehouse utilized by the Romans throughout their attack of Britain, which scoop outed in A.d. 43. It was conceivably found as an exchanging focus with the landmass and soon formed into a paramount port. It had turned into the base gang of the Procurator, the official responsible for the funds of Roman Britain, when Boudica, the Queen of the Iceni, a local anaesthetic British tribe possessing East Anglia, blazed it to the ground in A.d. 61 over the span of her grisly rebel against Roman guideline. It was reconstructed by the twelvemonth 100, and first shows up as Londinium in Tacitus Annals. It right away got to be both the common capital and the regulatory, business, and budgetary focus of Roman Britain. Its populace by the center of the third century numbered maybe 30,000 individuals, a number which actual in fifty years to about twice that number. They existed in a city with clear ed boulevards, sanctuaries, open showers, work places, shops, block fields, earthenwares, glass-lives up to expectations, lower homes and fancy estates, encompassed by three miles of stone dividers (allotments of which still remain) which were eight feet dull at their base and up to twenty feet in stature. Throughout the line of products of the fourth century, nonetheless, as the Roman Empire started to fall, Roman Londinium fell into blurry quality as its defensive Legions withdrew history records no hint of it amid 457 and 600. Throughout that time, then again, it steadily turned into a Saxon exchanging town, in the long run one of respectable size. In that century Christianity was acquaint with the city (St. Augustine named a diocesan, and a church was constructed), yet th... ...istfulness for a quickly vanishing provincial past which headed William Morris to establish the Society for the Preservation of Ancient Buildings, and headed him, too, to start his The Earthly Para dise with the accompanying lines Disregard six provinces overhung with smoke, Disregard the grunting steam clean and cylinder stroke, Disregard the spreading of the repulsive town Think kinda of the pack-horse on the down, Whats more long for London, little, and white, and clean, The reasonable Thames flanked by its enclosures green. . . While come along the thronged wharf Geoffrey Chaucers pen Moves over bills of filling. . . From the mid life years on, and well into the nineteenth century, much of London was vicious and dirty. Throughout the eighteenth century, the poor and the unemployed much of the time involved themselves, as Hogarth exhibited, by drink

Kepler :: essays research papers

KeplerAs far as people who are nearly versed in just about every aspect of life, Johannes Kepler was 1 of the great few. Unlike many of the great thinkers of his era, he was not unbelieving about writing down his findings in his correspondence and, in circle getting them published so he would receive full conviction for his ideas. At the time of Kepler there were no scientific journals that he could home his findings on. His work in developing the Planetary Laws of Motion supercede all findings in celestial mechanics. This is not to mention that the man is credited with originating the word transmit as well as several firsts in the field of optics. Johannes Kepler was natural in Weil der Stadt, Wuttenberg on the 27th of December 1571. Wurttenberg was then part of the devoted Roman Empire, but now its borders lie in present rampreal day Germany. He died November 15th, 1630 in Regensburg which also currently lies in Germany. Kepler was the first tike born to a mercenary so ldier and the daughter of an innkeeper. The very alike inn that Johannes stayed for much of his childhood after the age of five when his incur left the family to fight in the Netherlands. Keplers early work at a nearby seminary got him enough recognition to honor a scholarship to the Univer ragy of Tubingen.1 It was there that he was first introduced to the ideas of Copernicus, which he seemed to take a reinforced liking to right away. In one of his first published kit and caboodle while earning his way as a Mathematics teacher in Graz he was the first to defend Copernicus and his Copernican system. The theory that the planets revolve approximately the sun not the Earth was still being refuted by whatsoever of the more prominent thinkers of the time. His school was undoubtedly Lutheran, which also was the religion of his family so the connection was strong. He held fast to the Augsburg Confession of Lutheranism, but refused to sign the radiation diagram of Concord because of his disagreement with some of the values listed in it. This did not sit well with those in authority and Kepler was excluded from the sacrament in the Lutheran Church. He also refused to convert to Catholicism during this time which left him no side to take in the Thirty-Years War. This did not deter him from his faith and belief in God.

Wal-Mart International Essay -- Business Management, Case Study, solut

Wal-Mart globalIntroductionIn 1993, Wal-Mart had become Americas leading retailer, with last(a) sales of $67 billion from its Wal-Mart stores, surface-to-air missiles Clubs, and Wal-Mart Supercenters. The bon ton had bragging(a) at a rate of 25% per year since 1990, and it was clear that to dwell at its current rate of return, Wal-Mart would have to seriously consider continuing its recent outside(a) expansion. During 1992, Wal-Mart had entered into a joint venture with CIFRA, Mexicos largest retailer, which presently operated 24 stores in Mexico and had plans to open 70 new stores by 1995. The Company had also recently completed the acquisition of 122 Woolco department stores in Canada. apiece of these expansions had presented unique challenges for Wal-Mart to adapt its operations to suit local market demands, just now Wal-Mart had successfully risen to the challenge. Given the Companys successful cut across record, it seemed logical to continue to expand internationall y. If Wal-Mart didnt expand internationally, David Glass, Wal-Marts CEO, mat that companies would start to come to the US and increase competitive pressures interior(prenominal)ally. International expansion would drive growth and help in maintaining Wal-Marts dominant domestic position. Namely, entrance into foreign markets would force competitors to focus on their primary markets. If Wal-Mart be after to maintain its dominant position in the U.S., international expansion would not only drive growth, but it would also keep potential competitors laborious to operate stores in their home markets rather than expanding into the U.S. Wal-Mart Company BackgroundSam Walton began his retail career working at J.C. Penney while in college and ulterior leased a Ben Franklin franchised dime store in Newport, Arkansas (1945). In 1950, he relocated to Bentonville and opened a Walton Five and Dime. By 1962, Walton own 15 Ben Franklin stores under the Walton Five and Dime name. Walton felt tha t big supermarkets would at last destroy the smaller, traditional five and dimes and in 1962, Walton opened his own supermarket ignore store. Eight years later, the Company was trading on Wall thoroughfare and had 30 stores. Wal-Marts growth accelerated greatly during the 1970s. The Company precipitously marketed itself to middle class shoppers by advertising Everyday Low Prices. Walton actuate his employees by impleme... ...ring Argentina with a local partner, analysts expected the new stores to be able to capture additional market share and initially chance on lower operating and administrative expenses than if Wal-Mart entered on its own.Martin wondered which of these alternatives would be most skilful to Wal-Mart.SummaryThe annual shareholders meeting was coming up, and Bob Martin unavoidable to receive a recommendation to Glass on how to proceed. Although Glass agreed with Martin that international expansion needed to continue, he wasnt convinced Argentina was the to p hat choice. Glass wanted to be sure that they had considered all of the risks involved earlier making such a large investment in a new country. If Martin did decide that Wal-Mart should invest in Argentina, Martin wondered which alternative to recommend. He needed to finish his analysis and prepare a report for Glass that compared the alternatives. some(prenominal) Martins recommendations, he knew they needed to be presented with a compelling argument. This was a critical year for Wal-Mart, and Glass would want to be able to butt to Wal-Marts investors that the Company could overcome its slow down in growth during the last year.

The Negitive Effects of Tobacco Essay -- Tobacco Nicotine Cigarettes

Drugs are generally recognized as of the greatest problems in the United States. According to the statistics, tobacco has the highest death rate. Smoking is a in truth popular habit, even though we all know that smoking is very dangerous. Millions of people around the globe want to quit smoking for aesculapian reasons such as having already two heart-valve replacement surgeries. By now, close to everyone knows that smoking and other tobacco use causes cancer. But it can to a fault cause may more problems. When you smoke tobacco, the effects on your proboscis are immediate. Your pulse increases. Breathing becomes faster and more shallow. Circulation begins to drop. Poisonous compounds bid carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide and ammonia gas enter your bloodstream. Meanwhile, nicotine begins to scat the cycle of addiction. If youre allergic to smoke or susceptible to asthma (and if you smoke, the chances of underdeveloped asthma rise sharply), flare-ups and chest spasms can begin q uickly. Over the moderate term, you become much more susceptible to colds, flu and pneumonia. More in depth nicotine, the main drug in tobacco, is one of the most heavy used addictive drugs in the United States. In 1989, the U.S. Surgeon cosmopolitan issued a report that concluded that cigarettes and other forms of tobacco, such as cigars, underground tobacco, and chewing tobacco, are addictive and that nicotine is the drug in tobacco that causes addiction. In addition, the report determined that smoking was a major cause of shot and the third leading cause of death in the United States. at once hooked, nicotine addiction is extremely difficult to overcome. Your lungs are filled with delicate stock sacs, tiny, soft structures surrounded by very small blood vessels. In these air sacs, ca... ...any negative effects that go along with tobacco use, cancer, openhanded breath, stained teeth, sore gums, becoming sick and puking, and even divorce as the most severe effect of tobacc o use. The major effects of tobacco could destroy mortals life in a heartbeat. Every 13 seconds, someone in the world dies from a tobacco-related indisposition, and every year tobacco kills 5,600 British Colombians, 45,000 Canadians, 418,000 Americans (compared to 1,000 Americans who die from cocaine abuse), and 2.5 million people world-wide. The statistics show that the probability of encountering an illness due to tobacco use is high. Due to this it would be in everybodys outdo interest to not start using tobacco or at once out quit the habit all together. In factual debate you are basically committing suicide. It is your decision and when you have to make the decision demand tobacco free.

Pink Floyd :: essays research papers

The band is just fantastic, that is really what I think. Oh by the way, which ones Pink? In the mid 60s Syd Barrett formed a psychedelic band, with fellow Englishmen Roger water, Rick Wright, and Nick Mason. Barrett on lead guitar, Waters on bass, Wright on keyboards, and Mason on drums. The name came from two of Barretts favorite American blues-men, Pink Anderson and Floyd Council. They began experimenting with intense instru noetics of feedback, electronic screeches, and unusual, eerie sounds created by loud amplification, reverb, and such tricks as sliding ball bearings up and pot guitar strings. By 1966, heavily under the influence LSD and Barrett, the group began to check light shows to add to the psychedelic effect of their live performances. In 1967 they gestural with EMI records and released The Piper at the Gates of Dawn. It is considered to be one of the best British psychedelic albums, second only to The Beatles Sgt. Peppers Lonely mall Club Band album. Sadly they wou ld never even have a chance to recreate a similar masterpiece, solely because Barretts closeness in the band was in its final stages. Barrett was becoming heavily bear on in mind-altering drugs like LSD and was showing alarming signs of mental instability. They tried to work out an arrangement where newly hired guitarist and close friend David Gilmour would perform live with the band while Barrett would reach out his contri butions in the studio. This didnt work. Syd Barrett left the group to pursue a exclusively career.The band decided to continue on without Barrett and Waters stepped in as the dominant composer and writer. Using Barretts vision as an obvious blueprint, but adding a more formal, somber, and quasi-classical tone, their 1968 follow-up A Saucerful of Secrets, made the British snuff it Ten and proved the band was to continue on. For the next four historic period they would work on their sound, keeping it within the range of psychedlia, but arriver out to the us es experimental rock, and using such instruments as organs and horns.They proceed on in their journey of rock history with such classics as Ummagumma and Atom Heart Mother, but never reaching that same tableland as they did with their debut. They later released Meddle in 1971which further showcased their development of albums as whole masterpieces instead of just individual songs. Nothing, however, prepared Pink Floyd or their audience for

Starting a Football Team Essay -- Papers

Starting a Footb whole Team So you and your friends think youre ready to tackle macrocosm part of a League. Good ... but be careful. Its not as easy as it sounds and you must be aware of all the pitfalls onwards you adopt the leap. Organisation An essential must before you do anything else. You contract at least two or three people to defy some responsibility. Being part of any League carries a reasoned burden for one newcomer. From these people, elect a secretary, a treasurer (oh yes, it all costs money) and a manager. Of course one person can do several roles, but its a lot for a newbie to take on alone. Unless youre a strong individual, your club wont last long. --------------------------------------------------------------------- Registration instantaneously you convey to register yourselves with your local county football association. They are the governing personify for all football within your area. You cannot even play a friendly aga inst another team unless youre registered. Remember, football isnt all sweetness and light and sometimes unsavoury incidents happen. Your local football association are there to stack with such matters, among other things. If you are not registered and something goes wrong, you could find you or your players on a civil charge with the luck of a heavy book or even jail (thats not to say you get by scot free if youre registered, more on that later). Usually county football associations (and local leagues) leave alone only deal with the club secretary this is standard practice. When you register, you will need a name for your team. Be prepared for a disappointment. Your name whitethorn already be in use and your... ...me, Im as mad as the rest --------------------------------------------------------------------- Well, this all sounds horrendous to me, where do I sign up? Presuming the men in the white coats havent dragged you away screaming and you li ve in our part of Essex, you can engage to the Essex Sunday Corinthian League on-line from this link before the end of March each season. But be warned - All new clubs are screened and your industriousnesss success isnt guaranteed. Having said that, the on-line application is proving a roaring success. No fewer than six teams were playing in the League during 2000/2001 after submitting an on-line application TIP - Always apply to more than one League. This way you stand a better chance of being accepted. Most Leagues wont ask for money when you apply, only after youre in.